Lock-Free Stack Implementation - Quant Developer Interview Question

Problem Description

Lock-free data structures are critical in high-frequency trading systems to minimize latency spikes caused by thread contention, context switches, and priority inversion found in mutex-based containers. By leveraging atomic primitives and Compare-And-Swap (CAS) operations, developers can ensure non-blocking access to shared resources, maintaining high throughput and deterministic execution. This approach is fundamental for building low-latency order matching engines and market data handlers. Ta