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Sparse Set: O(1) Operations

Hard · data_structures · Quant Developer interview question · data_structures, optimization, low_latency, c++

Sparse sets provide a cache-efficient mechanism for managing subsets of bounded integer identifiers, crucial for high-frequency trading systems where minimizing latency and memory fragmentation is paramount. By maintaining a dense array of active elements alongside a sparse index map, this structure guarantees O(1) time complexity for insertion, deletion, lookup, and clearing operations while enabling contiguous memory iteration. Task Implement the SparseSet class to manage a collection of non-