Continuous Logarithmic Returns - Quant Researcher Interview Question

Problem Description

Logarithmic returns, or continuously compounded returns, are preferred in quantitative finance due to their time-additivity property, which simplifies multi-period aggregation and statistical modeling. Unlike simple arithmetic returns, log returns allow for the summation of periodic returns to determine the total return over a timeframe, facilitating easier manipulation in time-series analysis. Task Implement a function solution(data) using the Polars library to calculate the period-over-period